Publications - Lise Deleuran

Importance of seed quality for the fresh cut chain

Deleuran, L. C., Olesen, M. H., Shetty, N., Gislum, R., Boelt, B. — Thu, 30 Aug 2018 15:41:59 +0200

Seed is the most fundamental input in vegetable production on which the effectiveness of other inputs and outputs depends. If the seed is of poor quality, the use of other inputs is less successful and will occasionally be irrelevant. A definition of seed quality will depend upon the use for which the seed is intended. Viability, vigor, uniformity, purity and health of the seeds are quality parameters important for all production systems. The ideal situation for both fresh produce and fresh cut would be seeds that germinate uniformly at a high percentage and subsequently grow relatively fast to the desired size, thus, resulting in leaves of improved quality. It is likely that such leaves will be more able to withstand the rigorous processing that includes harvest, transportation, washing, sanitization, de-watering and packaging. This ideal situation would both be determined by the mentioned properties of the seeds and to a large extend the cultivar of the seeds. The quality of a vegetable product is defined by the interaction of these factors, including environmental factors as well as by management and technology. Novel, fast and non-destructive technologies for seed testing allow for new sorting possibilities of a seed lot. At present, new initiatives using multispectral imaging and single seed NIR spectroscopy is being developed at AU for description of seed lots. Preliminary results on investigations of pak choi seeds are presented.

Connecting fresh-cut chain actors, from seed to produce - A European perspective

Deleuran, L. C., Nicola, S. — Thu, 30 Aug 2018 15:41:59 +0200

Characterisation of castor (Ricinus communis L.) seed quality using fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy in combination with multivariate data analysis

Tue, 17 Apr 2018 15:41:59 +0200

Evaluation of the mature grain phytase candidate HvPAPhy_a gene in barley using CRISPR/Cas9 and TALENs

Holme, I., Wendt, T., Gil-Humanes, J., et al. — Mon, 25 Sep 2017 15:41:59 +0200

Separation of viable and non-viable tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seeds using single seed near-infrared spectroscopy

Shrestha, S., Deleuran, L. C., Gislum, R. — Wed, 01 Nov 2017 15:41:59 +0100

Single seed near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a non-destructive technology commonly used for predicting lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and water content of agricultural products. The aim of the current study is to investigate the prospects of NIR spectroscopy in classifying viable and non-viable tomato seeds of two cultivars using chemometrics. The data exploration were performed by principal component analysis (PCA). Subsequently, viable and non-viable seeds were classified by partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and interval PLS-DA (iPLS-DA). The indication of clustering of viable and non-viable seeds were observed in the PCA of each cultivar and the pooled samples. However, the PCA did not exhibit a pattern of separation among the early, normal and late germinated tomato seeds. The NIR spectral regions of 1160–1170, 1383–1397, 1647–1666, 1860–1884 and 1915–1940 nm were identified as important for classification of viable and non-viable tomato seeds by iPLS-DA. The sensitivity i.e. ability to correctly identify the positive samples and specificity i.e. ability to reject the negative samples of the (iPLS-DA) model on identified spectral regions for prediction of viable and non-viable seeds were 0.94 and 0.94 respectively and were higher than from (PLS-DA) model on original spectra. The iPLS-DA model predicted samples with classification error rate of 6.29 percent as compared to the 13.10 percent by the PLS-DA. The study indicated NIR regions related to the protein-bound water, protein and carbohydrates have a positive relationship to viability in tomato seeds. The study shows the potential of NIR spectroscopy for non-destructive discrimination of viable and non-viable tomato seeds using spectral information.

Evaluation of the mature grain phytase candidate HvPAPhy_a gene in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) using CRISPR/Cas9 and TALENs

Holme, I. B., Wendt, T., Gil-Humanes, J., et al. — Fri, 01 Sep 2017 15:41:59 +0200

In the present study, we utilized TALEN- and CRISPR/Cas9-induced mutations to analyze the promoter of the barley phytase gene HvPAPhy_a. The purpose of the study was dual, validation of the PAPhy_a enzyme as the main contributor of the mature grain phytase activity (MGPA), as well as validating the importance of a specific promoter region of the PAPhy_a gene which contains three overlapping cis-acting regulatory elements (GCN4, Skn1 and the RY-element) known to be involved in gene expression during grain filling. The results confirm that the barley PAPhy_a enzyme is the main contributor to the MGPA as grains of knock-out lines show very low MGPA. Additionally, the analysis of the HvPAPhy_a promoter region containing the GCN4/Skn1/RY motif highlights its importance for HvPAPhy_a expression as the MGPA in grains of plant lines with mutations within this motif is significantly reduced. Interestingly, lines with deletions located downstream of the motif show even lower MGPA levels, indicating that the GCN4/SKn1/RY motif is not the only element responsible for the level of PAPhy_a expression during grain maturation. Mutant grains with very low MPGA showed delayed germination as compared to grains of wild type barley. As grains with high levels of preformed phytases would provide more readily available phosphorous needed for a fast germination, this indicates that faster germination may be implicated in the positive selection of the ancient PAPhy gene duplication that lead to the creation of the PAPhy_a gene.

Evaluation of the mature grain phytase candidate HvPAPhy_a gene in barley using CRISPR/Cas9 and TALENs

Wed, 01 Feb 2017 15:41:59 +0100

MOVE - Marketing of Organic VintagE plant material

Deleuran, L. C. — Fri, 01 Jan 2016 15:41:59 +0100

Use of multispectral images and chemometrics in tomato seed studies

Shrestha, S., Deleuran, L. C., Gislum, R. — Tue, 14 Jun 2016 15:41:59 +0200

During the production of tomato seeds, green tomatoes are normally discarded before seed extraction irrespective of their maturity stage. Studies indicate that seeds from green tomatoes may reach be able to reach full germination capacity. Thus the potential of multispectral imaging for non-destructive discrimination of seeds based on their germination capacity was investigated. A total of 840 seeds extracted from green and red tomatoes were divided into two sets; a training set and a test set consisting of 648 and 192 seeds respectively. Each set consisted of 96 seeds from green tomatoes. The multispectral images of the seeds were captured and normalized canonical discriminant analysis was used to analyse the images. Germination tests were performed and seeds that subsequently germinated were recorded as viable. The viable seeds were classified with 99% and 98% accuracy for the training and test set, respectively. Similarly, dead seeds were predicted with 98% of accuracy. Results also showed that 23 and 14 seeds from green tomatoes in the training and test sets respectively were viable, while only one viable seed in the test set was misclassified. The results indicate that green tomatoes might be mature enough to contain viable seeds. However, it still needs to be investigated how these seeds perform in normal growing conditions.

Single seed near-infrared hyperspectral imaging in determining tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seed quality in association with multivariate data analysis

Shrestha, S., Knapič, M. ., Žibrat, U. ., Deleuran, L. C., Gislum, R. — Tue, 30 Aug 2016 15:41:59 +0200

Near-infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging was explored as a rapid and non-destructive method of investigating seed quality parameters such as seed viability and variation in tomato seed lots. The seed lots differed with year of production and variety. Four tomato varieties: Cal J, Monprecus, NCL and Chiuri from 2013, 2014 and 2015 were used in the study. The extracted NIR hyperspectral data from 975 to 2500 nm were analysed by principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares- discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). No distinct patterns of separation between viable and non-viable tomato seeds were revealed by the PCA. Our findings showed a pattern of separation in the tomato seed lots due to production years and varieties. The PLS-DA showed the ability to predict with ∼100 percent accuracy for varietal class membership when only the seeds of a single harvest year were included in the model. The accuracy from PLS-DA on pooled samples (all seeds from all varieties) predicted varietal class membership in the range from 34 to 88 percent. High variation in the seed lots could have caused high variation in the predicted varietal class membership. The NIR regions with chemical information from Csingle bondH, Nsingle bondH and Osingle bondH had influence on the PCA and PLS-DA models. The study presents the prospects of using NIR hyperspectral imaging in varietal identification studies of tomato seeds though we recommend a thorough validation of models.

Effect of Verticillium dahliae soil inoculum levels on spinach seed infection

Sapkota, R., Olesen, M. H., Deleuran, L. C., Boelt, B., Nicolaisen, M. — Fri, 01 Jan 2016 15:41:59 +0100

Verticillium dahliae is a soilborne pathogen and a threat to spinach seed production. The aim of this study was to understand the relation between V. dahliae soil inoculum and infection in harvested seed. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used for quantification of the pathogen. Semifield experiments in which spinach was grown in soils with different inoculum levels enabled us to determine a threshold level for V. dahliae DNA of 0.003 ng/g of soil for seed infection to occur. Soils from production fields were sampled in 2013 and 2014 during and before planting, as well as the harvested seed. Seed from plants grown in infested soils were infected with V. dahliae in samples from both the semifield and open-field experiments. Lower levels of pathogen were found in seed from spinach grown in soils with a scattered distribution of V. dahliae (one or two positive of three soil subsamples) than in soils with a uniform distribution of the pathogen (three of three positive soil subsamples). Our results showed that infection of V. dahliae in harvested seed strongly depended on the presence of pathogen inoculum in the soil.

Classification of different tomato seed cultivars by multispectral visible-near infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics

Shrestha, S., Deleuran, L. C., Gislum, R. — Sun, 10 Apr 2016 15:41:59 +0200

The feasibility of rapid and non-destructive classification of five different tomato seed cultivars was investigated by using visible and short-wave near infrared (Vis-NIR) spectra combined with chemometric approaches. Vis-NIR spectra containing 19 different wavelengths ranging from 375 nm to 970 nm were extracted from multispectral images of tomato seeds. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used for data exploration, while partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and support vector machine discriminant analysis (SVM-DA) were used to classify the five different tomato cultivars. The results showed very good classification accuracy for two independent test sets ranging from 94% to 100% for all tomato cultivars irrespective of chemometric methods. The overall classification error rates were 3.2% and 0.4% for the PLS-DA and SVM-DA calibration models, respectively. The results indicate that Vis-NIR spectra have the potential to be used for non-destructive discrimination of tomato seed cultivars with an opportunity to integrate them into plant genetic resource management, plant variety protection or registration programmes.

Notat om udfordringer ved og muligheder for afgang til certificeret udsæd med mindre end 0,1 % GMO-indhold

Boelt, B., Deleuran, L. C., Jørgensen, J. R. — Wed, 27 Aug 2014 15:41:59 +0200

Viability Prediction of Ricinus cummunis L. Seeds Using Multispectral Imaging

Olesen, M. H., Nikneshan, P., Shrestha, S., et al. — Thu, 01 Jan 2015 15:41:59 +0100

The purpose of this study was to highlight the use of multispectral imaging in seed quality testing of castor seeds. Visually, 120 seeds were divided into three classes: yellow, grey and black seeds. Thereafter, images at 19 different wavelengths ranging from 375–970 nm were captured of all the seeds. Mean intensity for each single seed was extracted from the images, and a significant difference between the three colour classes was observed, with the best separation in the near-infrared wavelengths. A specified feature (RegionMSI mean) based on normalized canonical discriminant analysis, were employed and viable seeds were distinguished from dead seeds with 92% accuracy. The same model was tested on a validation set of seeds. These seeds were divided into two groups depending on germination ability, 241 were predicted as viable and expected to germinate and 59 were predicted as dead or non-germinated seeds. This validation of the model resulted in 96% correct classification of the seeds. The results illustrate how multispectral imaging technology can be employed for prediction of viable castor seeds, based on seed coat colour.

Use of Multispectral Imaging in Varietal Identification of Tomato

Shrestha, S., Deleuran, L. C., Olesen, M. H., Gislum, R. — Thu, 01 Jan 2015 15:41:59 +0100

Abstract: Multispectral imaging is an emerging non-destructive technology. In this work its potential for varietal discrimination and identification of tomato cultivars of Nepal was investigated. Two sample sets were used for the study, one with two parents and their crosses and other with eleven cultivars to study parents and offspring relationship and varietal identification respectively. Normalized canonical discriminant analysis (nCDA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to analyze and compare the results for parents and offspring study. Both the results showed clear discrimination of parents and offspring. nCDA was also used for pairwise discrimination of the eleven cultivars, which correctly discriminated upto 100% and only few pairs below 85%. Partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was further used to classify all the cultivars. The model displayed an overall classification accuracy of 82%, which was further improved to 96% and 86% with stepwise PLS-DA models on high (seven) and poor (four) sensitivity cultivars, respectively. The stepwise PLS-DA models had satisfactory classification errors for cross-validation and prediction 7% and 7%, respectively. The results obtained provide an opportunity of using multispectral imaging technology as a primary tool in a scientific community for identification/discrimination of plant varieties in regard to genetic purity and plant variety protection/registration.

Fungal endophytes of sorghum in Burkina Faso

Zida, E. P., Thio, I. G., Néya, B. J., et al. — Wed, 01 Jan 2014 15:41:59 +0100

A survey was conducted to assess the natural occurrence and distribution of fungal endophytes in sorghum in relation to plant performance in two distinct agro-ecological zones in Burkina Faso. Sorghum farm-saved seeds were sown in 48 farmers’ fields in Sahelian and North Sudanian zones to produce sorghum plants. In each field, leaf samples were collected from five well-developed (performing) and five less-developed (non-performing) plants at 3-5 leaf stage, while at plant maturity leaf, stem and root samples were collected from the same plants and fungal endophytes were isolated. A total of 39 fungal species belonging to 25 genera were isolated. The most represented genera included Fusarium, Leptosphaeria, Curvularia, Nigrospora and Penicillium. The genera Fusarium and Penicillium occurred significantly higher in performing plants as compared to non-performing plants while the genera Colletotrichum and Alternaria were most represented in non-performing plants. Among the Fusarium species identified, Fusarium moniliforme was the most common fungus isolated from the plants. Fusarium spp. and Penicillium sp. were significantly present in a higher number of performing plants than in non-performing plants, while Colletotrichum sublineolum was more encountered in non-performing plants than in performing plants. Distribution of fungi varied based on the tissue and root accounting for the majority of the fungi isolated. This work represents the first description of the diversity of fungal species and the fungal community in sorghum, and the first report attempts to document endophytic fungal presence in Burkina Faso.

Preventing an increase in Verticillium wilt incidence in spinach seed production

Olesen, M. H., Deleuran, L. C., Gislum, R., Boelt, B. — Mon, 01 Dec 2014 15:41:59 +0100

A semifield assay was conducted from 2009 to 2011 to distinguish between different preventive methods of reducing Verticillium spp. in spinach seed production. The seed treatments for controlling seed infection levels included Thiram, Signum, Trichoderma harzianum, Gliocladium roseum and Natural II, and these were tested in naturally infested and uninfested soil. Even though seed treatment by Thiram and Signum in all cases reduced the incidence of Verticillium spp. on the harvested seed, the soil type had a large influence on the subsequent disease pressure as a significant effect of soil was seen in 2010 and 2011 and a non-significant effect of seed treatment on Verticillium spp. was observed in all experimental years. As no interaction between soil and seed treatment was observed, the seed treatment had no effect on the disease pressure on the seeds subsequently harvested from the infested soil.

BABYLEAF - et vækstpotentiale for Region Sjællands Havefrøbranche

Deleuran, L. C. — Sun, 01 Jun 2014 15:41:59 +0200

I Kina dyrker de spinat i byerne

Deleuran, L. C. — Wed, 01 Jan 2014 15:41:59 +0100

The quality turn in the Danish food scape: new food chains emerging – new territorial impacts?

Kjeldsen, C., Deleuran, L. C., Noe, E. — Tue, 01 Jan 2013 15:41:59 +0100

Accounts of the ‘quality turn’ in agro-food literature suggest that there is a potential for growth in the market for ‘high-quality’ food, which utilises distinct notions like ‘quality’ and ‘place.’ These food chains are typically described as ‘alternative.’ Alterity might stem from alternative social or physical geographies of such food chains. This study is focused on exploring whether the utilisation of different notions of quality in emerging producer–consumer networks also translates into new patterns of rural development. This paper is based on data on various sub-sectors of Danish food chains on municipality scale for the period 2000–2005. Specifically, this study seeks to identify whether this is the case in the Danish context. First, the analysis considers the economic geography of Danish food chains on national level. Second, a deviant case on a regional level is considered, which runs counter to the trends on national level.

Preface

Deleuran, L. C. — Tue, 01 Jan 2013 15:41:59 +0100

Patterns within the Danish foodscape: mapping developments of Danish food chains with regard to processes of ‘respatialization’ and ‘resocialization’

Kjeldsen, C., Deleuran, L. C. — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 15:41:59 +0100

Forekomst af visnesyge og andre svampesygdomme i spinat til frø med fokus på infektion af henholdsvis jord og frø

Olesen, M. H., Deleuran, L. C. — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 15:41:59 +0100

I mange havefrøafgrøder kan det være svært at producere frø helt fri for sygdomme samt at finde sygdomsfrie jorde til videre frøproduktion. Bedre kendskab til hvilke sygdomme, der er i både frø og jord kan derfor identificere strategier til en bedre fremtidig frøproduktion af spinat. I første omgang er det
vigtigt, at der arbejdes på at reducere sygdomstrykket i både frø og jord. Identifikation af sygdomsproblemer under produktionen i marken giver mulighed for bekæmpelse af sygdommen i det omfang, der er godkendte midler, som virker. Sammenhæng mellem infektion på planterne og på frøet efter høst er
et område, hvor der er meget lidt viden. Ved et bedre kendskab til smittetrykket kan man undgå at så inficeret udsæd i jomfruelig jord (”ikke smittet jord”) og omvendt være opmærksom på ikke at så uinficeret udsæd i inficerede jorde. Undersøgelser fra Holland og USA har vist, at forekomsten af V. dahliae
i frøpartier er forøget de senere år. I Holland blev der i 1973 påvist V. dahliae i 20 ud af 34 testede frøpartier. I amerikanske undersøgelser blev der i 2003 påvist V. dahliae i 57 ud af 62 partier. Denne høje infektionsgrad bekræfter behovet for øget kontrol af frøpartier. Ved AU Flakkebjerg er der i perioden 2008-2010 lavet en række forsøg for at evaluere potentielle fremgangsmåder,
der kan reducere infektionen af visnesyge og andre svampesygdomme i spinatfrø. Dette ved at så spinatfrø i uinficeret jord og jord naturligt inficeret med henholdsvis F. oxysporium f.sp. spinaciae og V. dahliae. I samme forsøg undersøges forskellige frø og jordbehandlinger, som potentielle mulige
metoder til reduktion af smittetrykket i jorden og på frøet. I 2009 blev der observeret en reduktion i infektionsniveauet af V. dahliae på det høstede frø, når de anvendte stamfrø var behandlet med Thiram.

Bekæmpelse af svampesygdomme i spinat

Paaske, K., Olesen, M. H., Deleuran, L. C., Feidenhans'l, B. . — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 15:41:59 +0100

Svampesygdomme kan være et stort problem i spinatfrøavlen. De mest alvorlige sygdomme er Cladosporium-bladplet, Stemphylium-bladplet og spinatskimmel. I spinat til frø kan sygdommene betyde både tab af frøudbytte og kvalitetsforringelser i det høstede frø. Et inficeret frøparti resulterer efterfølgende
i planter med reduceret vækst, grundet bladinfektion. I perioden 2005-2008 er der gennemført 8 Landsforsøg med forskellige strategier til bekæmpelse af
svampesygdomme i spinat. Ligeledes har der ved AU Flakkebjerg været forsøg med sprøjtninger med Signum, Opera og Cantus i perioden 2006-2008. Resultaterne af forsøgene viser pæne merudbytter for bekæmpelse af svampesygdomme i spinatfrøproduktionen. I forsøgene fra AU ses endvidere, at svampebekæmpelsen giver en reduktion af forekomsten af Stemphyllium botryosum og Cladosporium spp. på det høstede spinatfrø.

Vækstregulering med Moddus i spinat til frø

Deleuran, L. C., Boelt, B. — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 15:41:59 +0100

Der er til dato ikke publiceret forsøg vedrørende anvendelsen af vækstregulering i frøproduktion af spinat, men ved tidlig anvendelse forventes et middel som Moddus at stimulere rodudviklingen, og ved anvendelse i den reproduktive udvikling forventes det, at frøstandens længde afkortes.
Orienterende forsøg fra 2007 og 2008 ved AU Flakkebjerg giver ikke entydige konklusioner vedrørende brug af vækstregulering i spinat til frø.
Der ses i forsøgene ikke udslag for valg af dosis (0,4 L/ha, 0,8 L/ha, 1,2 L/ha, 1,6 L/ha), eller tildelingstidspunkt (tidlig buskning eller ved strækning) på de testede parametre (plantehøjde, lejesæd, frøvægt og frøudbytte). Der er dog observeret en reduktion i antallet af planter med knæk ved roden i parceller,
der har været behandlet med Moddus kontra ikke behandlede parceller.
Der er behov for flere forsøg, hvis det skal be- eller afkræftes, om vækstregulering har en indvirkning på eksempelvis plantehøjde, lejesæd, frøvægt og/eller frøudbytte.

Optimal kvælstoftildeling til spinat til frø

Deleuran, L. C., Boelt, B. — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 15:41:59 +0100

Der er i 2008 og 2009 gennemført forsøg med stigende kvælstoftildeling (N) fra 60 til 260 kg N/ha til spinatfrø ved AU, Flakkebjerg. De to vækstsæsoner har været meget forskellige, og dette kommer til udtryk i resultaterne for særligt frøudbytte og frøvægt. I 2008 ses ingen signifikant forskel mellem tilførsel af 140
og 180 kg N/ha, men en yderligere øgning af N-mængden til 220 kg N/ha gav et signifikant merudbytte på 200-300 kg frø/ha. Fra 220 kg N/ha til 260 kg N/ha øges udbyttet med ca. 220 kg frø/ha svarende til ca. 5,5 kg frø/kg N. Det højeste udbytte blev i 2009 høstet ved en N-tildeling på 180 kg N/ha og det laveste udbytte ved 60 kg N/ha. Der var signifikant forskel mellem disse to N-mængder, men ellers er der ingen signifikante forskelle i forhold til N-tildeling i 2009. Som gennemsnit af de to forsøgsår ses der ingen signifikant forskel mellem tildeling af 140-260 kgN/ha. Den nuværende anbefalede kvælstoftildeling til spinat til frø er mindre, end hvad resultaterne for optimal tilførsel viser. Der kan derfor, som vist i tidligere forsøg, være en fordel i at placere op til 60 kg N/ha forskudt for spinatrækken ved såning. Der ses en bedre etablering og vækst i de tidlige stadier, der er med til at øge afgrødens konkurrenceevne overfor ukrudt.

Spinat til frø - forsøg med kvælstof, vækstregulering, ukrudtsbekæmpelse og svampebekæmpelse

Sun, 01 Jan 2012 15:41:59 +0100

Spinach seed quality - potential for combining seed size grading and chlorophyll flourescence sorting

Deleuran, L. C., Olesen, M. H., Boelt, B. — Tue, 01 Jan 2013 15:41:59 +0100

Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) seed quality is important for subsequent establishment of baby leaf and other spinach products. The indeterminate flowering pattern in spinach produces seeds of different sizes, and consequently a non-uniform seed lot. Sorting seeds based on novel sorting methods might therefore improve the establishment of spinach for producers. Spinach seeds were harvested at five different times (H1, H2, H3, H4 and H5) starting 3 weeks before estimated optimum harvest time. The harvested seeds were sorted according to chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) and seed size. Two harvest times 6 d apart were selected for further studies of seed development and germination counts. Analysis of mean germination time (MGT) of four germination counts (3, 7, 14 and 21 d) showed that smaller seed sizes ( < 3.25 mm) have lower MGT than seeds of larger sizes (>3.25 mm). A larger proportion of 2.5–3.25 mm size seeds had germinated on day 3 than both their larger and smaller counterparts at the later time of harvest (H4). Seeds with a diameter below 2.5 mm displayed the lowest MGT. Commercially, the use of chlorophyll fluorescence (CF)-sorted seeds, in combination with seed size sorting, may provide a useful tool for enhancing seed quality. Here our results demonstrate that a greater number of seeds with a low CF level had germinated on day 3 compared to the seeds with high CF levels. It is of relevance to develop a technology that could identify seeds that are sufficiently developed to germinate and successfully establish in the field regardless of seed size.

The quality turn in the Danish foodscape: New food chains emerging - new territorial impacts?

Kjeldsen, C., Deleuran, L. C., Noe, E. — Tue, 01 Jan 2013 15:41:59 +0100

Single seed NIR as a fast method to predict germination ability in Pak Choi

Gislum, R., Deleuran, L. C., Olesen, M. H., Tveden-Nyborg, S., Boelt, B. — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 15:41:59 +0100

Single seed NIR has further been tested to determine the applicability for prediction of seed viability in radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seeds and spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) seeds. The studies show the possibility of using NIR spectroscopy in a seed separating process in the future, provided that appropriate sorting devices are developed. This article discusses the possibility of using this method to predict germination ability in Pak Choi.

Sprøjt tre-fire gange mod svampe i spinat til frø

Deleuran, L. C., Paaske, K., Feidenhans'l, B. — Sun, 01 Apr 2012 15:41:59 +0200

Optimizing the number of consecutive seed harvests in red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne* L.) for yield, yield components and economic return*

Deleuran, L. C., Kristensen, K., Gislum, R., Boelt, B. — Tue, 01 Jan 2013 15:41:59 +0100

Crop production must continuously be adjusted according to economic return and fluctuating prices on inputs versus harvested plant products and calls for continuous revision of the crop rotation and flexible management systems. This study describes grass seed production of three different types, respectively, of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) and their optimum number of growing seasons in terms of yield, selected yield components and economic gain. Three harvest years gave the maximum yield in the red fescue type with long stolons (cv. Pernille) and the highest number of fertile tillers in all three red fescue cultivars. Four harvest years gave the maximum yield for types with short stolons (cv. Suzette) and without stolons (cv. Tamara). The fifth year significantly reduced the yield compared to the highest obtained yield within each cultivar. The diploid amenity cv. Allegro and forage type cv. Borvi of perennial ryegrass can be harvested in five consecutive years without a significant yield reduction. The tetraploid type cv. Tivoli had the highest thousand seed weight and a significant yield decrease from the first to the second year of seed harvest and a continuous decline in seed yield is observed from the first to the fifth harvest year in this cultivar. Yet, when the economic incentive was calculated it was found that optimum harvest years cannot be determined by yield considerations alone. A combination of high grass seed price and low cereal price shows that red fescue can be grown up to four years and perennial ryegrass up to five years with high economic returns.

Use of partial least squares discriminant analysis on visible-near infrared multispectral image data to examine germination ability and germ length in spinach seeds

Shetty, N., Olesen, M. H., Gislum, R., Deleuran, L. C., Boelt, B. — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 15:41:59 +0100

Because of the difficulties in obtaining homogenous germination of spinach seeds for baby leaf production, the possibility of using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) on features extracted from multispectral images of spinach seeds was investigated. The objective has been to discriminate between different seed sizes, as well as to predict germination ability and germ length. Images of 300 seeds including small, medium, and large seeds were taken, and the seeds were examined for germination ability and germ length. PLS-DA loadings plots were used to reduce the multidimensional image features to a few important features. The PLS-DA prediction resulted in an independent test set not only providing discrimination of seed size but also demonstrating how germination ability and germ length vary according to seed size. The result indicated that larger seeds had both a significantly higher germination potential and germ length compared with smaller seeds. The variable importance for projection method showed that the near infrared (NIR) wavelength region is important for germination predictability. However, the PLS-DA model did not improve when only the NIR region was used.

Connecting fresh cut chain actors, from seed to produce - a European perspective

Deleuran, L. C., Nicola, S. — Fri, 01 Jul 2011 15:41:59 +0200

In fresh-cut based on leafy vegetables there is a need to carefully consider
seed/cultivar choice as factors as waste and shelf-life become more
pronounced when fresh produce undergoes processing. When a producer is
responsible for all the steps from selection of the cultivars to processing and
harvesting, and delivers directly to a supermarket, specific cultivar elements
are more controllable compared to when fresh produce is bought/imported
from other sources. Fresh-cut based on leafy vegetables is an emerging
vegetable format in Denmark, yet, still in the very beginning, while in other
European countries this segment is advanced and the supply chain
compartmentalized. Parallels in respect to chain structures are therefore at
present mainly drawn from other leafy fresh produce productions. Present
approaches for securing year round supply of quality leafy vegetables were
identified through structured interviews in the supply chain and the
emphasis and choice of seed source in these productions are highlighted.
Changes in consumer behavior towards more and more convenience food
might further increase consumption of these product formats, however,
consumer demand for local and/or organic produce raises the need to
enhance the supply availability. At present only a very limited assortment of
organic fresh-cut products is available for Danish consumers. Without import
through commercialized chains, the selection of organic fresh-cut produce
would be close to zero.

Importance of Seed Quality for the Fresh-cut Chain

Deleuran, L. C., Olesen, M. H., Shetty, N., Gislum, R., Boelt, B. — Sat, 01 Jan 2011 15:41:59 +0100

Seed is the most fundamental input in vegetable production on, which the
effectiveness of other inputs and outputs depends. If the seed is of poor
quality, the use of other inputs is less successful and will occasionally be
irrelevant. A definition of seed quality will depend upon the use for, which
the seed is intended. Viability, vigor, uniformity, purity and health of the
seeds are quality parameters important for all production systems. The ideal
situation for both fresh produce and fresh cut would be seeds, which
germinate uniform at a high percentage and subsequently grow relatively
fast to the desired size, thus, resulting in leaves of improved quality. It is
likely that such leaves will be more able to withstand the rigorous processing
that includes harvest, transportation, washing, sanitization, de-watering and
packaging. This ideal situation would both be determined by the mentioned
properties of the seeds and to a large extend the variety of the seeds. The
quality of a vegetable product is defined by the interaction of these factors
including environmental factors as well as by management and technology.
Novel, fast and non-destructive technologies for seed testing allow for new
sorting possibilities of a seed lot. At present new initiatives using
multispectral imaging and single seed NIR spectroscopy is being developed at
AU for description of seed lots. Preliminary results on investigations of Pak
Choi seeds are presented.

Babyleaf - en succes i salatskålen

Deleuran, L. C., Boelt, B. — Tue, 01 Feb 2011 15:41:59 +0100

Organic Leek Seed Production - Securing Seed Quality

Deleuran, L. C., Boelt, B. — Sat, 01 Jan 2011 15:41:59 +0100

To maintain integrity in organic farming, availability of organically produced GM-free seed of varieties adapted to organic production systems is of vital impor-tance. Despite recent achievements, organic seed supply for a number of vegetable species is insufficient. Still, in many countries organic vegetable growers can get derogations to use non-organic seeds in their productions. Potentially, this could lead to the organic consumers’ loss of faith and interest in organic products. The pre-requisite for an organic vegetable production is the presence of organically produced high quality seeds. Tunnel production is a means of securing seed of high genetic purity and quality, and organic leek (Allium porrum L.) seed production was tested in tunnels in Denmark. The present trial focused on steckling size and in all years large stecklings had a positive effect on both seed yield and germination percentage. Production in tunnels provided high yields of organic leek seed of good quality. Tunnel systems may be a set-up for organic seed production where small quantities of seed can be produced without compromising the high requirements of genetic purity and seed quality

Seed Quality in a Value Chain Perspective

Deleuran, L. C. — Sat, 01 Jan 2011 15:41:59 +0100

Innovation in vegetable seed production and the role of consumers in the organic and conventional babyleaf chains: The case of Denmark

Deleuran, L. C. — Sat, 01 Jan 2011 15:41:59 +0100

In this study, the focus is on babyleaf products and the potentials that an increased interest in these products might bring to vegetable seed growers. Case studies on babyleaf products illustrate how consumers perceive babyleaf products and which parameters they give preference to. In addition, aspects of preference for local vegetable products were investigated. The methodological approach has been in the form of two questionnaires presented to consumers in two different chain structures, an industrialized chain (linking actors from ‘farm to fork’) and an alternative chain where organic produce is delivered to the consumers' doorstep through a box-scheme concept. The participants in the surveys were selected to identify elements that potentially could be used as a spur in innovation and development of new products in the chain and not necessarily to indicate general consumer interests. The overall conclusions are a genuine interest in babyleaf products in both approached chains. In the industrialized chain, 89% of the respondents would like more products and subsequently new niches within seed production are likely to occur. In the alternative chain, 83% of the respondents were very content with the babyleaf product they had received. In addition, these consumers display a profound preference for local products. The paper proposes that seeds and the quality of the seeds play an important role in babyleaf production and should be viewed as, not just a raw material in the chain, but also as the initial step in the babyleaf chain. Dialog among the actors in the chain is essential to meet the consumer demands from both a conventional and an organic perspective. The role of organic seed in organic vegetable productions is discussed.

Multivariate classification of germinated, non-germinated and artificially aged radish and cabbage seeds using single seed near infrared reflectance spectroscopy

Min, T. G., Shetty, N., Kang, W. S., Deleuran, L. C., Olesen, M. H., Gislum, R. — Fri, 01 Jan 2010 15:41:59 +0100

Optimum distribution between autumn-applied and spring-applied nitrogen in seed production of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)

Gislum, R., Deleuran, L. C., Kristensen, K., Boelt, B. — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 15:41:59 +0100

Udgivelsesdato: Accepted Nov 2010

Frø til babyleaf er et marked i vækst

Deleuran, L. C. — Fri, 01 Jan 2010 15:41:59 +0100

Udgivelsesdato: Januar 2010

Organic leek seed production - securing seed quality

Deleuran, L. C., Boelt, B. — Thu, 01 Jan 2009 15:41:59 +0100

Organic seed production and its role in vegetable supply chains

Deleuran, L. C., Boelt, B. — Thu, 01 Jan 2009 15:41:59 +0100

Effect of seed rate and row spacing in seed production of Festulolium

Deleuran, L. C., Gislum, R., Boelt, B. — Fri, 01 Jan 2010 15:41:59 +0100

Festulolium (Festulolium) is a cross between the two species fescue (Festuca L.) and ryegrass (Lolium L.) and is a promising forage and seed crop. To stimulate the production of Danish organic festulolium seeds a three-year field experiment was performed from 1999 to 2002 in a ryegrass-type festulolium, Paulita, and in a fescue-type festulolium, Hykor. The objectives were to examine the influence of row spacing (12, 24, and 36 cm) and seed rate (8, 12, or 16 kg ha^-1) on plant establishment, development, and seed yield. Observations of autumn and spring in-row plant densities indicated satisfactory plant establishment in all combinations of seed rate and row spacing. The number of reproductive tillers was in the range from 800 to 2200 m^-2 in Paulita and from 500 to 1300 m^-2 in Hykor. Row spacing had an effect on the number of reproductive tillers and in both cultivars the highest number was achieved at 12-cm row spacing. Seed yields in the Italian ryegrass type averaged from 1050 to 1150 kg ha^-1 and in the tall fescue type from 650 to 800 kg ha^-1. Doubling row spacing from 12 to 24 cm had no effect on seed yield in Hykor, while a further increase of row spacing to 36 cm showed a decrease in seed yield. No effect of row spacing on seed yield was observed in Paulita. Neither of the two types was affected in seed yield by seed rate. The fact that row spacing in both types can be increased to 24 cm without having a concomitant negative effect on seed yield implies that mechanical weed control is an optional management technique. Therefore our results have important implications in/for organic grass-seed production.
Udgivelsesdato: March

Placeret kvælstof til spinatfrø giver gevinst i nogle år

Deleuran, L. C. — Thu, 01 Jan 2009 15:41:59 +0100

Tunnel production enhances quality in organic carrot seed production

Deleuran, L. C., Boelt, B. — Thu, 01 Jan 2009 15:41:59 +0100

In Denmark, organic vegetable seed production is possible for some of the late-maturing species when the maturing is performed in lightweight tunnels which are also relevant for the isolation of small-scale production. The tunnel system offers several advantages, e.g., it is possible to control water supply and thereby introduce drought at proven optimum times, restrict geneflow through insect- and pollen-proof netting, raise the temperature to prolong the growing season and hence the crop duration, and reduce pest attack by preventing pest entrance to the tunnel. In an experiment, tunnel production of open-pollinated carrot varieties increased the yield and germination percentages when compared with normal field conditions. Yield was in the range of 100-250 g and 2-17 g seeds m^-2 respectively, and germination percentage was 84-95 and 43-55, respectively. However, hybrid carrot seed production showed lower yields than did their open-pollinated counterparts. Yields ranging from 60-123 g seeds m^-2 can be obtained, but the production needs to be carefully planned and monitored.

Different growing systems in tunnels have been studied in both open-pollinated and hybrid carrot (Daucus carota L.) for their seed production.
Udgivelsesdato: November

The need for integration in the supply chain of vegetable production

Deleuran, L. C., Jelsøe, E., Boelt, B. — Tue, 01 Jan 2008 15:41:59 +0100

Forsøg med dyrkning efter Maria Thuns Såkalender

Deleuran, L. C., Andersen, U. — Tue, 01 Jan 2008 15:41:59 +0100

Maria Thuns Såkalender er udarbejdet på grundlag af 55 års forsøgsarbejde på Maria Thuns landbrug ved Dexbach i Hessen, Tyskland. Såkalenderen angiver gunstige og ugunstige tidspunkter for jordbearbejdning, såning og høst i det pågældende kalenderår. Kalenderen udgives i en dansk udgave af Foreningen for Biodynamisk Jordbrug og anvendes bredt af haveejere, gartnere, landmænd og biavlere ud over de biodynamiske kredse.

Ved Det Jordbrugsvidenskabelige Fakultet, Flakkebjerg, har der i 2006 og 2007 været udført forsøg med frøproduktion af vårhvede, oliehør, radise og rucola efter Maria Thuns Såkalender. Arterne reagerer ikke ens på behandlingerne i såtidskalenderen, men tre ud af de fire afprøvede arter i giver højst udbytte behandlet på gunstige tider. I den fjerde art registreredes højst udbytte efter behandling på ugunstige tider. Ingen af forskellene er dog signifikante. I to arter er frøene blevet udsået året efter med henblik på at se, hvordan frø efter henholdsvis gunstig og ugunstig dyrkning klarer sig.

Smitte fra jord eller frø?

Deleuran, L. C. — Tue, 01 Jan 2008 15:41:59 +0100

Publications - Lise Deleuran

Importance of seed quality for the fresh cut chain

Connecting fresh-cut chain actors, from seed to produce - A European perspective

Characterisation of castor (Ricinus communis L.) seed quality using fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy in combination with multivariate data analysis

Evaluation of the mature grain phytase candidate HvPAPhy_a gene in barley using CRISPR/Cas9 and TALENs

Separation of viable and non-viable tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seeds using single seed near-infrared spectroscopy

Evaluation of the mature grain phytase candidate HvPAPhy_a gene in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) using CRISPR/Cas9 and TALENs

Evaluation of the mature grain phytase candidate HvPAPhy_a gene in barley using CRISPR/Cas9 and TALENs

MOVE - Marketing of Organic VintagE plant material

Use of multispectral images and chemometrics in tomato seed studies

Single seed near-infrared hyperspectral imaging in determining tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seed quality in association with multivariate data analysis

Effect of Verticillium dahliae soil inoculum levels on spinach seed infection

Classification of different tomato seed cultivars by multispectral visible-near infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics

Notat om udfordringer ved og muligheder for afgang til certificeret udsæd med mindre end 0,1 % GMO-indhold

Viability Prediction of Ricinus cummunis L. Seeds Using Multispectral Imaging

Use of Multispectral Imaging in Varietal Identification of Tomato

Fungal endophytes of sorghum in Burkina Faso

Preventing an increase in Verticillium wilt incidence in spinach seed production

BABYLEAF - et vækstpotentiale for Region Sjællands Havefrøbranche

I Kina dyrker de spinat i byerne

The quality turn in the Danish food scape: new food chains emerging – new territorial impacts?

Preface

Patterns within the Danish foodscape: mapping developments of Danish food chains with regard to processes of ‘respatialization’ and ‘resocialization’

Forekomst af visnesyge og andre svampesygdomme i spinat til frø med fokus på infektion af henholdsvis jord og frø

Bekæmpelse af svampesygdomme i spinat

Vækstregulering med Moddus i spinat til frø

Optimal kvælstoftildeling til spinat til frø

Spinat til frø - forsøg med kvælstof, vækstregulering, ukrudtsbekæmpelse og svampebekæmpelse

Spinach seed quality - potential for combining seed size grading and chlorophyll flourescence sorting

The quality turn in the Danish foodscape: New food chains emerging - new territorial impacts?

Single seed NIR as a fast method to predict germination ability in Pak Choi

Sprøjt tre-fire gange mod svampe i spinat til frø

Optimizing the number of consecutive seed harvests in red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) for yield, yield components and economic return

Use of partial least squares discriminant analysis on visible-near infrared multispectral image data to examine germination ability and germ length in spinach seeds

Connecting fresh cut chain actors, from seed to produce - a European perspective

Importance of Seed Quality for the Fresh-cut Chain

Babyleaf - en succes i salatskålen

Organic Leek Seed Production - Securing Seed Quality

Seed Quality in a Value Chain Perspective

Innovation in vegetable seed production and the role of consumers in the organic and conventional babyleaf chains: The case of Denmark

Multivariate classification of germinated, non-germinated and artificially aged radish and cabbage seeds using single seed near infrared reflectance spectroscopy

Optimum distribution between autumn-applied and spring-applied nitrogen in seed production of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)

Frø til babyleaf er et marked i vækst

Organic leek seed production - securing seed quality

Organic seed production and its role in vegetable supply chains

Effect of seed rate and row spacing in seed production of Festulolium

Placeret kvælstof til spinatfrø giver gevinst i nogle år

Tunnel production enhances quality in organic carrot seed production

The need for integration in the supply chain of vegetable production

Forsøg med dyrkning efter Maria Thuns Såkalender

Smitte fra jord eller frø?

Optimizing the number of consecutive seed harvests in red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne* L.) for yield, yield components and economic return*