To ensure continuity in sampling, handling and delivery of samples detailed protocols will be drafted and agreed upon by all prior to the collection of any material. These protocols will then be uploaded to the EuroWheat platform.

Sampling of leaves with Z. tritici from wheat fields originating in the different partner countries in early spring will create the basis for determining if differences in sensitivity exist across the different partner. Details relating to sampling will be agreed in WP1. Samples will be sent to JKI for processing. Sensitivity to the main fungicide groups applied will be conducted and molecular mechanisms of resistance characterised. In addition, airborne Z. tritici inoculum collected from a network of traps in the partner countries in early autumn will be screened for mutations associated with resistance.

As the environmental conditions and fungicide sensitivity of Z. tritici differ between the partner countries EURO-RES offers a unique opportunity to evaluate fungicide anti-resistance measures. Whilst initially the trials will focus solely on manipulation of fungicide treatments in years 2 and 3 additional agronomical factors, including varietal resistance and/or sowing date will be in cooperated into thetrials. Treatments to be evaluated will be decided following a review of current practices in each country

EURO-RES will map fungicide target gene variation and construct haplotypes at local, national and European scales. To achieve this EURO-RES will utilise both the collections established within, and national historical collections made available to the project. This will allow resistance alleles to be tracked over-time and location. To gain further insights into how local management strategies impact upon local Z. tritici populations specific treatments within WP3 will be further evaluated using target gene sequencing.